fix: add a per-widget action menu (#27)

A GridStackItem now carries an overflow menu next to the grip and the
close button: refresh, maximize, duplicate, remove. Maximize and remove
are handled by the item itself; refresh and duplicate are only reported,
since what they mean depends on the widget.

Maximizing only sets a class — the item's gs-* attributes and its
gridstack node are untouched, so restoring is by definition the position
it had.

The menu sits outside the drag-handle selector, like the close button, so
opening it never starts a drag; a Playwright test drags it to prove it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_0124BiJikbhbiEsNfJxdWM69

src/main/java/com/example/components/Fa.java

@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ public enum Fa {
     RESET("fa-solid", "fa-arrow-rotate-left"),
     DRAG("fa-solid", "fa-grip-vertical"),
     CLOSE("fa-solid", "fa-xmark"),
+    MENU("fa-solid", "fa-ellipsis-vertical"),
+    REFRESH("fa-solid", "fa-arrows-rotate"),
+    MAXIMIZE("fa-solid", "fa-expand"),
+    DUPLICATE("fa-solid", "fa-clone"),
     TREND_UP("fa-solid", "fa-arrow-trend-up"),
     TREND_DOWN("fa-solid", "fa-arrow-trend-down");
 

src/main/java/com/example/components/GridStackItem.java

@@ -3,9 +3,18 @@ package com.example.components;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.Component;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.ComponentEvent;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.ComponentEventListener;
+import com.vaadin.flow.component.contextmenu.MenuItem;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.html.Div;
+import com.vaadin.flow.component.html.Span;
+import com.vaadin.flow.component.menubar.MenuBar;
+import com.vaadin.flow.component.menubar.MenuBarVariant;
 import com.vaadin.flow.shared.Registration;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.EnumMap;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.UUID;
 
 /**
@@ -19,6 +28,13 @@ import java.util.UUID;
  * the grip (see {@link #setClosable(boolean)}); removing the item server-side
  * is enough to unregister the widget client-side, since grid-stack.ts observes
  * its own childList.
+ * <p>
+ * Next to those two sits the action menu ({@link Action}): the slot for
+ * everything a widget can do beyond move/resize/close. {@link Action#MAXIMIZE}
+ * and {@link Action#REMOVE} are handled here, the rest is only reported to
+ * {@link #addActionListener(ComponentEventListener) action listeners} — what
+ * "refresh" or "duplicate" means depends on the widget, which this component
+ * knows nothing about.
  */
 public class GridStackItem extends Div {
 
@@ -30,10 +46,42 @@ public class GridStackItem extends Div {
      *  styling and the grip's offset off it. */
     public static final String CLOSE_BUTTON_CLASS = "dialect-close-button";
 
+    /** Marker class for the action menu; the corner controls' offsets in
+     *  {@code styles.css} are keyed off its presence, same as the close
+     *  button's. */
+    public static final String ACTION_MENU_CLASS = "dialect-action-menu";
+
+    /** Class set on the item itself while it is
+     *  {@link #setMaximized(boolean) maximized} — {@code styles.css} is what
+     *  actually lifts the item out of the grid. */
+    public static final String MAXIMIZED_CLASS = "dialect-maximized";
+
+    /** What the action menu can offer. Which entries a given widget shows is up
+     *  to the caller ({@link #setActionEnabled(Action, boolean)}) — not every
+     *  widget type supports every action. */
+    public enum Action {
+        /** Re-request this widget's data. Reported only. */
+        REFRESH,
+        /** Expand the widget over the grid and back. Handled here. */
+        MAXIMIZE,
+        /** Add another widget of the same kind. Reported only. */
+        DUPLICATE,
+        /** Same as the close button, from the menu. Handled here. */
+        REMOVE
+    }
+
+    /** Shown by default: both are widget-type independent, since this component
+     *  can carry them out on its own. */
+    private static final Action[] DEFAULT_ACTIONS = {Action.MAXIMIZE, Action.REMOVE};
+
     private final Div content = new Div();
     private final Div dragHandle = new Div();
     private final Div closeButton = new Div();
+    private final MenuBar actionMenu = new MenuBar();
+    private final Map<Action, MenuItem> actionItems = new EnumMap<>(Action.class);
+    private final Map<Action, Span> actionCaptions = new EnumMap<>(Action.class);
     private boolean closable = true;
+    private boolean maximized;
 
     public GridStackItem(Component... content) {
         this(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), 0, 0, 4, 3, content);
@@ -77,6 +125,133 @@ public class GridStackItem extends Div {
         closeButton.getElement().addEventListener("keydown", e -> close(true))
                 .setFilter("event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' '");
         getElement().appendChild(closeButton.getElement());
+
+        buildActionMenu();
+        getElement().appendChild(actionMenu.getElement());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The overflow menu, a third sibling of the content wrapper: outside it for
+     * the same reason as the grip, and outside the {@code DRAG_HANDLE_CLASS}
+     * selector so opening it never starts a drag.
+     * <p>
+     * A {@link MenuBar} rather than a hand-rolled popup: its button is a real
+     * button, so the menu is reachable and operable from the keyboard without
+     * this component re-implementing any of it.
+     */
+    private void buildActionMenu() {
+        actionMenu.addClassName(ACTION_MENU_CLASS);
+        actionMenu.addThemeVariants(MenuBarVariant.LUMO_TERTIARY_INLINE, MenuBarVariant.LUMO_ICON);
+
+        String label = getTranslation("gridstack.actions");
+        MenuItem root = actionMenu.addItem(Fa.MENU.create());
+        root.getElement().setAttribute("title", label);
+        root.getElement().setAttribute("aria-label", label);
+
+        addActionItem(root, Action.REFRESH, Fa.REFRESH, "gridstack.refresh");
+        addActionItem(root, Action.MAXIMIZE, Fa.MAXIMIZE, "gridstack.maximize");
+        addActionItem(root, Action.DUPLICATE, Fa.DUPLICATE, "gridstack.duplicate");
+        addActionItem(root, Action.REMOVE, Fa.REMOVE, "gridstack.remove");
+
+        setActions(DEFAULT_ACTIONS);
+    }
+
+    /** The caption is a {@link Span} of its own rather than the item's text:
+     *  {@code setText} would drop the icon along with the old text, and the
+     *  maximize entry relabels itself. */
+    private void addActionItem(MenuItem root, Action action, Fa icon, String captionKey) {
+        Span caption = new Span(getTranslation(captionKey));
+        MenuItem item = root.getSubMenu().addItem(icon.create(),
+                e -> triggerAction(action, e.isFromClient()));
+        item.add(caption);
+        actionItems.put(action, item);
+        actionCaptions.put(action, caption);
+    }
+
+    /** Carries out what this component can do itself, then reports the action.
+     *  The event is fired last, so a listener sees the item in its new state —
+     *  and, for {@link Action#REMOVE}, already detached, as with
+     *  {@link CloseEvent}. */
+    private void triggerAction(Action action, boolean fromClient) {
+        switch (action) {
+            case MAXIMIZE -> setMaximized(!maximized);
+            case REMOVE -> close(fromClient);
+            default -> { }
+        }
+        fireEvent(new ActionEvent(this, fromClient, action));
+    }
+
+    /** Shows exactly the given actions in the menu and hides every other one. */
+    public GridStackItem setActions(Action... actions) {
+        Set<Action> wanted = EnumSet.noneOf(Action.class);
+        Collections.addAll(wanted, actions);
+        actionItems.forEach((action, item) -> item.setVisible(wanted.contains(action)));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Shows or hides a single menu entry — the widget types that support an
+     *  action differ, the menu does not. */
+    public GridStackItem setActionEnabled(Action action, boolean enabled) {
+        actionItems.get(action).setVisible(enabled);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isActionEnabled(Action action) {
+        return actionItems.get(action).isVisible();
+    }
+
+    /** The menu entry of an action. Exposed for restyling and for tests, which
+     *  click it rather than calling the action directly. */
+    public MenuItem getActionItem(Action action) {
+        return actionItems.get(action);
+    }
+
+    public MenuBar getActionMenu() {
+        return actionMenu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Expands the item over the grid, or puts it back. Only a class on the item
+     * changes — its {@code gs-*} attributes and its gridstack node are left
+     * exactly as they are, so restoring is by definition the position it had.
+     */
+    public GridStackItem setMaximized(boolean maximized) {
+        if (maximized == this.maximized) {
+            return this;
+        }
+        this.maximized = maximized;
+        getElement().getClassList().set(MAXIMIZED_CLASS, maximized);
+        actionCaptions.get(Action.MAXIMIZE).setText(
+                getTranslation(maximized ? "gridstack.restore" : "gridstack.maximize"));
+        // The item's box changes without gridstack resizing anything, so nothing
+        // fires the resize the charts inside reflow on (see grid-stack.ts,
+        // which does the same on resizestop). After the next frame, so the new
+        // geometry is the one the chart measures.
+        getElement().executeJs("requestAnimationFrame("
+                + "() => window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize')))");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isMaximized() {
+        return maximized;
+    }
+
+    public Registration addActionListener(ComponentEventListener<ActionEvent> listener) {
+        return addListener(ActionEvent.class, listener);
+    }
+
+    /** Fired after an action menu entry was picked. */
+    public static class ActionEvent extends ComponentEvent<GridStackItem> {
+        private final Action action;
+
+        ActionEvent(GridStackItem source, boolean fromClient, Action action) {
+            super(source, fromClient);
+            this.action = action;
+        }
+
+        public Action getAction() {
+            return action;
+        }
     }
 
     /**

src/main/java/com/example/views/DashboardView.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.example.views;
 import com.example.components.Card;
 import com.example.components.Fa;
 import com.example.components.GridStackItem;
+import com.example.components.GridStackItem.Action;
 import com.example.components.GridStackLayout;
 import com.example.components.KpiTile;
 import com.example.data.ChartDataService;
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import com.example.data.KpiData;
 import com.example.widgets.DashboardContext;
 import com.example.widgets.WidgetDefinition;
 import com.example.widgets.WidgetRegistry;
+import com.vaadin.flow.component.Component;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.button.Button;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.button.ButtonVariant;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.dialog.Dialog;
@@ -78,7 +80,16 @@ public class DashboardView extends VerticalLayout implements HasDynamicTitle {
             KpiData kpi = kpis.get(i);
             KpiTile tile = feed(new KpiTile(getTranslation(kpi.labelKey()), ""), kpi);
             kpiTiles.put(kpi.id(), tile);
-            grid.add(new GridStackItem(kpi.id(), i * KPI_WIDTH, 0, KPI_WIDTH, 1, tile));
+            GridStackItem item = new GridStackItem(kpi.id(), i * KPI_WIDTH, 0, KPI_WIDTH, 1, tile);
+            // A tile can be refreshed (this view feeds it) but not duplicated:
+            // a second copy of the same KPI would be the same number twice.
+            item.setActionEnabled(Action.REFRESH, true);
+            item.addActionListener(e -> {
+                if (e.getAction() == Action.REFRESH) {
+                    refreshKpiTile(kpi.id());
+                }
+            });
+            grid.add(item);
         }
         context.addFilterChangeListener(this::updateKpiTiles);
 
@@ -153,10 +164,32 @@ public class DashboardView extends VerticalLayout implements HasDynamicTitle {
         return widget(type, widgets.require(type), x, y, w, h);
     }
 
+    /** Registry widgets support the whole action menu: they know how to
+     *  re-request their data, and the definition they were built from is what
+     *  duplicating one needs. */
     private GridStackItem widget(String id, WidgetDefinition definition,
                                  int x, int y, int w, int h) {
-        return new GridStackItem(id, x, y, w, h, new Card(getTranslation(definition.titleKey()),
+        Component content = definition.factory().apply(context);
-                definition.factory().apply(context)));
+        GridStackItem item = new GridStackItem(id, x, y, w, h,
+                new Card(getTranslation(definition.titleKey()), content));
+        item.setActions(Action.REFRESH, Action.MAXIMIZE, Action.DUPLICATE, Action.REMOVE);
+        item.addActionListener(e -> {
+            switch (e.getAction()) {
+                case REFRESH -> WidgetRegistry.refresh(content);
+                case DUPLICATE -> addWidget(definition);
+                default -> { }
+            }
+        });
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    /** Re-feeds a single tile from the current filter — the action menu's
+     *  refresh, which asks for one widget, not for the dashboard. */
+    private void refreshKpiTile(String kpiId) {
+        dataService.kpis(context.getFilter()).stream()
+                .filter(kpi -> kpiId.equals(kpi.id()))
+                .findFirst()
+                .ifPresent(kpi -> feed(kpiTiles.get(kpi.id()), kpi));
     }
 
     /** Re-feeds the tiles still on the dashboard. A closed tile keeps its entry

src/main/java/com/example/widgets/WidgetRegistry.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import com.example.data.ChartDataService;
 import com.example.data.ChartSeries;
 import com.example.data.DashboardFilter;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.Component;
+import com.vaadin.flow.component.ComponentUtil;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.notification.Notification;
 import com.vaadin.flow.shared.Registration;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@@ -54,6 +55,27 @@ public class WidgetRegistry {
                 this::pieChart));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * How a built widget re-requests its data — the same feed the context
+     * drives on a filter change, only triggered by hand (the action menu's
+     * refresh). It is carried on the widget component itself, so a caller can
+     * refresh a widget without knowing which type it is or holding the feed.
+     */
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public interface Refresh {
+        void run();
+    }
+
+    /** Re-requests the widget's data, if it is one that can. A widget without a
+     *  refresher (a static card, say) is silently left alone — the dashboard
+     *  offers the action per widget, this only carries it out. */
+    public static void refresh(Component widget) {
+        Refresh refresh = ComponentUtil.getData(widget, Refresh.class);
+        if (refresh != null) {
+            refresh.run();
+        }
+    }
+
     /** Adds a definition, replacing any earlier one of the same type. */
     public final void register(WidgetDefinition definition) {
         definitions.put(definition.type(), definition);
@@ -107,6 +129,8 @@ public class WidgetRegistry {
         feed.accept(context.getFilter());
         Registration registration = context.addFilterChangeListener(feed);
         chart.addDetachListener(e -> registration.remove());
+        ComponentUtil.setData(chart, Refresh.class,
+                (Refresh) () -> feed.accept(context.getFilter()));
         return sizeFull(chart);
     }
 

src/main/resources/META-INF/resources/styles.css

@@ -302,10 +302,40 @@ apex-chart.dialect-sparkline .apexcharts-xaxis {
   transition: opacity 120ms ease;
 }
 
-.grid-stack-item:has(> .dialect-close-button) > .dialect-drag-handle {
+/* Action menu (GridStackItem.Action): the third corner control, between the
+   close button and the grip. Each control that is present pushes the ones to
+   its left one slot (32px) further in. */
+.dialect-action-menu {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 11px;
+  right: 16px;
+  z-index: 1;
+  opacity: 0;
+  transition: opacity 120ms ease;
+}
+
+.grid-stack-item:has(> .dialect-close-button) > .dialect-action-menu {
   right: 48px;
 }
 
+.grid-stack-item:has(> .dialect-close-button) > .dialect-drag-handle,
+.grid-stack-item:has(> .dialect-action-menu) > .dialect-drag-handle {
+  right: 48px;
+}
+
+.grid-stack-item:has(> .dialect-close-button):has(> .dialect-action-menu)
+    > .dialect-drag-handle {
+  right: 80px;
+}
+
+/* Stays put while its menu is open: the overlay is anchored to the button, and
+   the pointer moving onto the overlay leaves the item, ending the :hover. */
+.grid-stack-item:hover > .dialect-action-menu,
+.dialect-action-menu:focus-within,
+.dialect-action-menu:has(vaadin-menu-bar-button[expanded]) {
+  opacity: 0.75;
+}
+
 .grid-stack-item:hover > .dialect-close-button,
 .dialect-close-button:focus-visible {
   opacity: 0.65;
@@ -320,11 +350,38 @@ apex-chart.dialect-sparkline .apexcharts-xaxis {
 /* Touch devices never hover — keep the corner controls permanently visible. */
 @media (pointer: coarse) {
   .dialect-drag-handle,
-  .dialect-close-button {
+  .dialect-close-button,
+  .dialect-action-menu {
     opacity: 0.65;
   }
 }
 
+/* Maximized item (GridStackItem#setMaximized): lifted out of the grid purely
+   visually — its gs-* attributes and its gridstack node are untouched, so
+   dropping this class puts it back exactly where it was. !important because
+   gridstack writes the item's box as inline style. */
+.grid-stack-item.dialect-maximized {
+  position: fixed !important;
+  inset: 16px !important;
+  width: auto !important;
+  height: auto !important;
+  min-height: 0 !important;
+  transform: none !important;
+  z-index: 20;
+}
+
+.grid-stack-item.dialect-maximized > .grid-stack-item-content {
+  height: 100%;
+  inset: 0 !important;
+  width: auto !important;
+}
+
+/* Nothing to drag or resize while maximized: the item is not in grid flow. */
+.grid-stack-item.dialect-maximized > .dialect-drag-handle,
+.grid-stack-item.dialect-maximized .ui-resizable-handle {
+  display: none;
+}
+
 .grid-stack-item[gs-no-move] > .dialect-drag-handle {
   display: none;
 }

src/main/resources/vaadin-i18n/translations.properties

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ card.registration=Registrierung
 card.employees=Mitarbeiter
 card.gridstackHint=Bedienung
 
-gridstack.hint=Karten am Griff oben rechts verschieben, an der unteren rechten Ecke die Größe ändern, mit dem X oben rechts schließen. Das Layout wird im Browser gespeichert und beim nächsten Besuch wiederhergestellt.
+gridstack.hint=Karten am Griff oben rechts verschieben, an der unteren rechten Ecke die Größe ändern, mit dem X oben rechts schließen. Weitere Aktionen – aktualisieren, maximieren, duplizieren – liegen im Menü daneben. Das Layout wird im Browser gespeichert und beim nächsten Besuch wiederhergestellt.
 gridstack.addWidget=Widget hinzufügen
 gridstack.reset=Layout zurücksetzen
 gridstack.status=Layout geändert – {0} Widgets
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ gridstack.statusInitial=Layout unverändert
 gridstack.pickerTitle=Widget auswählen
 gridstack.dragHandle=Verschieben
 gridstack.close=Schließen
+gridstack.actions=Aktionen
+gridstack.refresh=Aktualisieren
+gridstack.maximize=Maximieren
+gridstack.restore=Wiederherstellen
+gridstack.duplicate=Duplizieren
+gridstack.remove=Entfernen
 
 filter.period=Zeitraum
 filter.period.month=Monat

src/main/resources/vaadin-i18n/translations_en.properties

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ card.registration=Registration
 card.employees=Employees
 card.gridstackHint=How it works
 
-gridstack.hint=Move cards with the grip in their top right corner, resize them from the bottom right corner, close them with the X in the top right corner. The layout is stored in your browser and restored on your next visit.
+gridstack.hint=Move cards with the grip in their top right corner, resize them from the bottom right corner, close them with the X in the top right corner. More actions – refresh, maximize, duplicate – live in the menu next to it. The layout is stored in your browser and restored on your next visit.
 gridstack.addWidget=Add widget
 gridstack.reset=Reset layout
 gridstack.status=Layout changed – {0} widgets
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ gridstack.statusInitial=Layout unchanged
 gridstack.pickerTitle=Choose a widget
 gridstack.dragHandle=Move
 gridstack.close=Close
+gridstack.actions=Actions
+gridstack.refresh=Refresh
+gridstack.maximize=Maximize
+gridstack.restore=Restore
+gridstack.duplicate=Duplicate
+gridstack.remove=Remove
 
 filter.period=Period
 filter.period.month=Month

src/main/resources/vaadin-i18n/translations_es.properties

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ card.registration=Registro
 card.employees=Empleados
 card.gridstackHint=Cómo funciona
 
-gridstack.hint=Mueve las tarjetas con el asa de la esquina superior derecha, cambia su tamaño desde la esquina inferior derecha y ciérralas con la X de la esquina superior derecha. El diseño se guarda en el navegador y se restaura en la próxima visita.
+gridstack.hint=Mueve las tarjetas con el asa de la esquina superior derecha, cambia su tamaño desde la esquina inferior derecha y ciérralas con la X de la esquina superior derecha. Más acciones – actualizar, maximizar, duplicar – están en el menú contiguo. El diseño se guarda en el navegador y se restaura en la próxima visita.
 gridstack.addWidget=Añadir widget
 gridstack.reset=Restablecer diseño
 gridstack.status=Diseño modificado – {0} widgets
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ gridstack.statusInitial=Diseño sin cambios
 gridstack.pickerTitle=Elegir un widget
 gridstack.dragHandle=Mover
 gridstack.close=Cerrar
+gridstack.actions=Acciones
+gridstack.refresh=Actualizar
+gridstack.maximize=Maximizar
+gridstack.restore=Restaurar
+gridstack.duplicate=Duplicar
+gridstack.remove=Eliminar
 
 filter.period=Periodo
 filter.period.month=Mes

src/test/java/com/example/e2e/WidgetActionMenuPlaywrightTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package com.example.e2e;
+
+import com.microsoft.playwright.Locator;
+import com.microsoft.playwright.options.BoundingBox;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import static com.microsoft.playwright.assertions.PlaywrightAssertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * End-to-end coverage for the per-widget action menu, above all for the thing
+ * only a real browser can show: the menu sits outside the drag-handle selector,
+ * so operating it never moves the widget.
+ */
+class WidgetActionMenuPlaywrightTest extends PlaywrightTestBase {
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void openDashboard() {
+        navigate("");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void draggingTheMenuButton_doesNotMoveTheWidget() {
+        Locator item = widget();
+        assertThat(menuButton(item)).isVisible();
+        String before = slot(item);
+
+        BoundingBox button = menuButton(item).boundingBox();
+        page.mouse().move(button.x + button.width / 2, button.y + button.height / 2);
+        page.mouse().down();
+        // Well past gridstack's drag threshold, and diagonally, so a drag that
+        // did start would land the item in a different cell.
+        page.mouse().move(button.x + 240, button.y + 200);
+        page.mouse().up();
+
+        assertEquals(before, slot(item), "the widget must not have moved");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void menuButton_opensTheActions() {
+        menuButton(widget()).click();
+
+        for (String caption : new String[] {"Refresh", "Maximize", "Duplicate", "Remove"}) {
+            assertThat(menuEntry(caption)).isVisible();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void maximize_expandsTheWidgetAndRestoresItsExactPosition() {
+        Locator item = widget();
+        double widthBefore = item.boundingBox().width;
+        String before = slot(item);
+
+        pickAction(item, "Maximize");
+        assertThat(item).hasClass(Pattern.compile("dialect-maximized"));
+        page.waitForCondition(() -> item.boundingBox().width > widthBefore);
+        assertTrue(item.boundingBox().width > widthBefore,
+                "the maximized widget covers the grid");
+
+        pickAction(item, "Restore");
+        // gridstack animates items, so the widget slides back rather than
+        // jumping: wait the animation out before measuring the final slot.
+        page.waitForCondition(() -> before.equals(slot(item)));
+        assertEquals(before, slot(item), "restored to the very same slot");
+    }
+
+    /** The first chart widget: the KPI tiles come first in the DOM and offer a
+     *  smaller set of actions. */
+    private Locator widget() {
+        return page.locator(".grid-stack-item:has(apex-chart:not(.dialect-sparkline))").first();
+    }
+
+    /** The item's box measured against the grid, not the viewport: the page
+     *  around the grid may shift (dev tools coming and going), the widget's slot
+     *  in the grid is what these tests are about. */
+    private String slot(Locator item) {
+        return (String) item.evaluate("""
+                el => {
+                  const grid = el.closest('.grid-stack').getBoundingClientRect();
+                  const box = el.getBoundingClientRect();
+                  return [box.left - grid.left, box.top - grid.top, box.width, box.height]
+                      .map(Math.round).join(',');
+                }""");
+    }
+
+    private Locator menuButton(Locator item) {
+        return item.locator(".dialect-action-menu vaadin-menu-bar-button").first();
+    }
+
+    private void pickAction(Locator item, String caption) {
+        dismissDevToolsOverlay();
+        menuButton(item).click();
+        menuEntry(caption).click();
+    }
+
+    /** A maximized widget puts its menu button in the top right corner of the
+     *  viewport — in dev mode, that is where Vaadin's copilot renders a popover.
+     *  It lives in the browser's top layer, so nothing on the page can be above
+     *  it and it swallows the click; the app itself never sees it in
+     *  production, so the test takes it out of the way. */
+    private void dismissDevToolsOverlay() {
+        page.evaluate("() => document.querySelectorAll('copilot-main, vaadin-dev-tools')"
+                + ".forEach(el => el.remove())");
+    }
+
+    /** Only the entries of the overlay that is open right now: a menu-bar keeps
+     *  the items of an already closed overlay around, hidden, and they carry the
+     *  same captions. */
+    private Locator menuEntry(String caption) {
+        return page.locator("vaadin-menu-bar-item:visible")
+                .filter(new Locator.FilterOptions().setHasText(caption)).first();
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/example/views/DashboardViewTest.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.example.views;
 import com.example.Application;
 import com.example.components.BarChart;
 import com.example.components.GridStackItem;
+import com.example.components.GridStackItem.Action;
 import com.example.components.GridStackLayout;
 import com.example.components.KpiTile;
 import com.example.components.LineChart;
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import com.vaadin.browserless.SpringBrowserlessTest;
 import com.vaadin.browserless.ViewPackages;
 import com.vaadin.browserless.internal.ElementUtilsKt;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.button.Button;
+import com.vaadin.flow.component.contextmenu.MenuItem;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.dialog.Dialog;
 import com.vaadin.flow.component.html.Div;
 import com.vaadin.flow.dom.DomEvent;
@@ -273,6 +275,95 @@ class DashboardViewTest extends SpringBrowserlessTest {
         assertFalse(item.getChildren().anyMatch(child -> child == item.getCloseButton()));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void actionMenu_offersWhatTheWidgetTypeSupports() {
+        navigate(DashboardView.class);
+
+        GridStackItem chart = itemById("revenue-trend");
+        for (Action action : Action.values()) {
+            assertTrue(chart.isActionEnabled(action),
+                    "a registry widget supports every action, missing: " + action);
+        }
+
+        GridStackItem kpi = itemById("kpi-revenue");
+        assertTrue(kpi.isActionEnabled(Action.REFRESH));
+        assertFalse(kpi.isActionEnabled(Action.DUPLICATE),
+                "duplicating a KPI tile would show the same number twice");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void actionMenu_remove_removesThatWidgetOnly() {
+        navigate(DashboardView.class);
+
+        GridStackLayout grid = $view(GridStackLayout.class).first();
+        clickAction(itemById("revenue-trend"), Action.REMOVE);
+
+        List<GridStackItem.Position> layout = grid.getLayout();
+        assertEquals(DEFAULT_WIDGETS - 1, layout.size());
+        assertFalse(layout.stream().anyMatch(p -> "revenue-trend".equals(p.id())));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void actionMenu_maximize_togglesAndKeepsTheGridPosition() {
+        navigate(DashboardView.class);
+
+        GridStackItem item = itemById("revenue-month");
+        GridStackItem.Position before = positionOf("revenue-month");
+        assertFalse(item.isMaximized());
+
+        clickAction(item, Action.MAXIMIZE);
+        assertTrue(item.isMaximized());
+        assertTrue(item.getElement().getClassList().contains(GridStackItem.MAXIMIZED_CLASS));
+        assertEquals(before, positionOf("revenue-month"),
+                "maximizing must not touch the item's grid placement");
+
+        clickAction(item, Action.MAXIMIZE);
+        assertFalse(item.isMaximized());
+        assertFalse(item.getElement().getClassList().contains(GridStackItem.MAXIMIZED_CLASS));
+        assertEquals(before, positionOf("revenue-month"), "restored to the very same slot");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void actionMenu_duplicate_addsAnotherWidgetOfTheSameType() {
+        navigate(DashboardView.class);
+
+        GridStackLayout grid = $view(GridStackLayout.class).first();
+        clickAction(itemById("revenue-region"), Action.DUPLICATE);
+
+        assertEquals(DEFAULT_WIDGETS + 1, grid.getLayout().size());
+        assertEquals(2, $view(PieChart.class).all().size(), "the copy renders the same chart");
+        assertTrue($view(GridStackItem.class).last().getItemId().startsWith("revenue-region-"),
+                "the copy gets a fresh id, so it keeps its own saved position");
+    }
+
+    /** The tile is fed from the service, so overwriting its value and asking for
+     *  a refresh must put the real number back. */
+    @Test
+    void actionMenu_refresh_refeedsTheWidget() {
+        navigate(DashboardView.class);
+
+        KpiTile revenue = $view(KpiTile.class).all().getFirst();
+        String expected = revenue.getValue();
+        revenue.setValue("stale");
+
+        clickAction(itemById("kpi-revenue"), Action.REFRESH);
+
+        assertEquals(expected, revenue.getValue());
+    }
+
+    /** Fires the DOM click on the menu entry rather than calling the action
+     *  directly, so the menu's own wiring is covered too. */
+    private void clickAction(GridStackItem item, Action action) {
+        MenuItem entry = item.getActionItem(action);
+        ElementUtilsKt._fireDomEvent(entry.getElement(),
+                new DomEvent(entry.getElement(), "click", JacksonUtils.createObjectNode()));
+    }
+
+    private GridStackItem.Position positionOf(String id) {
+        return $view(GridStackLayout.class).first().getLayout().stream()
+                .filter(p -> id.equals(p.id())).findFirst().orElseThrow();
+    }
+
     /** Fires the DOM click the close button listens for, rather than calling
      *  {@code close()} directly, so the button's own wiring is covered too. */
     private void clickCloseButton(GridStackItem item) {

src/test/java/com/example/widgets/WidgetRegistryTest.java

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package com.example.widgets;
 
 import com.example.data.InMemoryChartDataService;
+import com.vaadin.flow.component.html.Div;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
@@ -29,6 +31,14 @@ class WidgetRegistryTest {
                 "every definition carries a usable default size");
     }
 
+    /** A widget with no refresher must not blow up when one is asked for: the
+     *  dashboard offers the action per widget, the registry only carries it
+     *  out. */
+    @Test
+    void refresh_ignoresAWidgetThatCarriesNoRefresher() {
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> WidgetRegistry.refresh(new Div()));
+    }
+
     @Test
     void require_rejectsAnUnknownType() {
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> registry.require("nope"));